Sunday, August 21, 2011

Watches : Know the unknowns

Some historians say that the first to invent watches were people from Egypt and Mesopotamia. The period was 1500 BC.

They developed a mechanical way of estimating time by the flow of running water.

The first accurate clocks were created by Italian monks almost 3000 years later, i. e. around 1524 AD. They developed more or less precise clock to know when they have to pray. Clocks told time using acoustical indicators, there were no hands to show time.

The first pocket watches were invented in Tudor, England, in the 16th century. These pocket watches were incredibly big, which is why people wore them around neck. There are rumors that in the famous painting of Henry VIII, the medallion on his neck is a big pocket watch, which he owned, and not a medalion how most people think.

Leonardo da Vinci draw a sketch of a fusee for a clock. The system used in his sketch was later used in watch industry.

The first innovations in time keeping were the hourglass and measurement of shadows. These methods could give a rough estimate of the passage of time.

In 1583 Galileo Galilei realized that how often does a pendulum swing depends on its length.

Breguet was the most preferred watch of the Russian Tsars. Breguet was also worn by Napoleon at Waterloo.

In 1795 Breguet was the one to invent the tourbillon which till nowadays represents a great horological achievement.

It compensates watch errors caused by gravity. Even today tourbillon is one of the most sophisticated mechanisms to manufacture.

The first wristwatch was invented by Patek Philippe. Until the First World War the wristwatch was considered to be a woman’s accessory. Till WW I men wore pocket watches.

The first atomic clock that used ammonia was developed in 1949 by the National Bureau of Standards, which is now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

The first wristwatch for men was invented by Cartier. The famous jeweler created a watch for his friend Brazilian pilot Alberto Santos-Dumont.

When Sir Edmund Hilary climbed Mt. Everest (the first human to conquer the mountain) in 1953 he wore Rolex Oyster.

The first mass production of wristwatches was started by Girard-Perregaux. The company created its timepieces mainly for military use.

The world’s first anti magnetic watch was created by the famous Swiss watchmaker Tissot.

The first and the only watch, chosen by NASA, worn by astronauts in their mission to the moon remains Omega Speedmaster.

The Russian and American astronauts wore Omega Speedmaster during the world’s first craft meeting of Apollo-Soyuz that took place in 1975.

The Oxford Dictionary stated that the word “Time” is the most often used noun in the English language.

Traditional mechanical watch movements use a spiral spring called a mainspring as a power source.

Expensive, collectible watches valued more for their workmanship and aesthetic appeal than for simple timekeeping, often have purely mechanical movements and are powered by springs, even though mechanical movements are less accurate than more affordable quartz movements.

Electronic movements have few or no moving part.

Electronic watches use the piezoelectric effect in a tiny quartz crystal to provide a stable time base for a mostly electronic movement.


Compared to electronic movements, mechanical watches are less accurate, often with errors of seconds per day, and they are sensitive to position, temperature and magnetism.

Radio time signal watches are a type of electronic quartz watch which synchronizes its time with an external time source such as in atomic clocks, time signals from GPS navigation satellites

Solar powered watches are powered by light. A photovoltaic cell on the face (dial) of the watch converts light to electricity, which in turn is used to charge a rechargeable battery or capacitor.

A rarely used power source is the temperature difference between the wearer's arm and the surrounding environment (as applied in the Citizen Eco-Drive Thermo).

Sunday, April 12, 2009

Search Engine Optimization — What is it?

keyword phraseOptimizing your website so you will obtain a high search engine results position is what SEO Techniques is all about. It is reported that 65% of all websites visited start with a search from a search engine.
For people to find your site via a search engine, the site will require a high Search Engine Results Position (SERP). This means when they search keywords phrases like SEO techniques, they will find you site page on the first page of the search engine results. Ending up on the 10 page of the search engines results will not get you any traffic.
Getting a high SERP is a combination of a number of things. Leaving out any of the items on the following list of SEO Techniques can result in your page not getting as high a search engine results position as it could.
The SEO List
There are no tricks here, just a bit of work and some time. So let’s get started by reading the following list of SEO Techniques!
1. Domain & File Names:
Choose your site domain name that contains words from your primary keyword phrase. Your domain name should also be easy to spell and easy to remember. You keyword phrase also should in many cases go in your file name. Read this thread Keywords in the URL from SEO Chat Forum.
For example I use the file name seo-techniques.html for this page.
2. Keyword Phrases:

1. Use keywords that are being searched for. You can check your keyword phrases with either the Search Term Suggestion Tool or the Overture Keyword Popularity Tool to find out how often they are being searched. You can also look at Google AdWords Keyword Suggestions for suggestions for different keyword phrases.

2. Add keyword synonyms to your content.

3. Put the keyword phrases in the phrase<
4. Insert the keyword phrases in a tag at the beginning of your page. Keyword synonyms should be put in your h2 & h3 tags. The h1, h2, h3 tags are used for titles and subtitles in articles.
5. Make sure you use your keyword phrases from the page you are linking to, in your anchor text on the site map. i.e. SEO Techniques.
3. Keyword Density:
Keyword density is a very important part of search engine optimization. Keyword density is the percent that your keyword or keyword phrase are of your web page text. You may want to look that your competition to see what keyword density they are using. To high a keyword density will be considered search engine spam and can get you blacklisted.
Your keywords should be toward the top of your page and your keyword phrase be in either every paragraph or every second paragraph depending on your paragraph length.

4. Bad Techniques:
Bad search engine optimization techniques can get you blacklisted from a search engine. Some techniques that are considered spam are cloaking, invisible text, tiny text, identical pages, doorway pages, refresh tags, link farms, filling comment tags with keyword phrases only, keyword phrases in the author tag, keyword density to high, mirror pages and mirror sites.
While these techniques might work to give you a higher ranking for short time in the long run they will hurt you.
Google has a good article on Google information for webmasters that is very imformative if you are considering Getting a SEO Company to so work on your website.

5. Title & Meta Description Tag:
Construction of your title tag is one of the most important things you need to do. Each page should have a different title with 2 or 3 of your keyword phrases at the beginning. When search engine results are displayed the title is the first thing people see.
Below the title is a description which will be either be taken from your meta name description content=”Description phrase” or from the first sentence on at page. You description should also have 2 or 3 of your keyword phrases at the beginning as so should your first sentence. You should have a different title, description and first sentence on each page. You many also what to try shorter titles with only one keyword or keyword phrase as this will raise you keyword relevance. Also you can consider putting your domain name at the very end of the title.

6. Meta Keywords Tag:
The meta keywords tag is not as relevant as it used to be and some say Google doesn’t ever look at it anymore, but put it in anyway. It is as follows, and put in it all your keywords and keyword phrases. This tag should be different for each page.

7. Author & Robots Tags:
The Author Tag should contain the name of the company that owns the site. This tag will help you get a #1 position for your company’s name.

8. Quality Content:
Quality content will bring people back and as people always want to tell others about a good thing it will get you forward links from other sites. Your content should be written with your keyword phrases in mind

9. Quantity Content:
The more the better. Just remember your content will need to be both quantity and quality.

10. Changing Content:
You can do this by hand or with a script. For example you can have a php script that draws five paragraphs from a pool of twenty paragraphs when the content is different each time the php page is accessed.
www.carsinlondon.com/used-cars-london-ontario.php shows a sample of php script that will do this.
11. Avoid Dynamic URLs:
Are you pages via php, asp, or cf? Some search engines may have a problem indexing them. Create static pages whenever possible. Avoid symbols in your URLs like the “?” that you will often find in php, asp or cf pages.
Static pages are the best but if you have a db driven site, make sure the menu and site map like go to inventory.cfm not inventory.cfm?vn=0 .
12. Frames:
Many search engines can’t follow frame links. Make sure you provide an alternative method for the search engines to enter and index your site. For more information read Search Engines and Frames.

13. Site Map:
A good menu system is really a site map. A well constructed menu system that is on each page and contains a link to very page on the website is all you need.

14. Site Themes:
All of the top 3 search engines look for site themes or a common topic when they crawl a website. If your site is about one specific topic you will rank better than if you have more than one theme or topic on your site. By using similar keyword phrases in each page the search engines will detect a theme this will be to your advantage.

15. Site Design:
You may think, what does site design have to with search engine optimization. Well if your website has a bad color scheme that is hard to read, is not organized, is a cheesy looking site, then all your site optimization has been a waste of time. Make your site attractive to the viewer, make things easy to find, have you graphic header and menu bar the same place on each page.
These things will keep your visitors on the site and bring them back. A well optimized site with a high search engine results position that is ugly and is hard find information on, will not keep the visitors your optimization has brought to the site.
Use W3C Link Checker to make sure all your page links are good. If you have broken links on your site this can effect the ranking you are given.
Put a proper doctype on each page. If you don’t have a proper doctype on each page Internet Exployer will go into quirks mode and display it different.
Use The W3C Markup Validate Service to verify that your pages are Validate HTML or XHTML code. The W3C validation will verify that your HTML or XHTML is not broken. This validation show you any broken code that could cause your webpages from displaying properly in all the different browsers and browser versions.

16. Separate Content & Presentation:
Put all your presentation code into Cascading Styles Sheets (CSS). This separates the presentation from the content and makes your html files up to 50% smaller. It is reported that the search engine bots prefer this and the more content you have compared to presentation in your file, the better you get rated. Read why tables for markup are stupid for an overview.

17. Robots.txt File:
While this file is not really required it should be included so that the search engine bots don’t get 404 errors when they look for it. Just include the following 2 lines and drop it in the root.
User-agent: *
Disallow:


Compromise is death any way --> Some one like me